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Stroller,

VincentG's finger will absorb negligible heat. You described a isentropic process. Only one mass, the internal gas.

Where is the orifice?

No. Those butane quack conglomerations are no where near optimize and so badly designed they don't even work. They have a lower than zero, or negative, efficiency. They burn up energy and produce zero temperature drop.

Could you point out a time when the orifice was installed, and a brief description. I certainly could have missed it. However, that is not the only problem. And claiming I don't know, when you can't provide any data is certainly not helping. I watched several. I saw nothing that was even close to th...

Unless, of course, you don't understand how it works. Then it might seem like it. Tom, you constantly, change the subject from some scientific point, "no orifice", to an attack on the person, "Pretty obviously he doesn't recognize common refrigeration components, even while watching ...

Tom, if they were more efficient than a Joule Thompson refrigerator, wouldn't they all use them? Solid state, freon less, noiseless. No they are less efficient. https://www.rigidhvac.com/blog/compressor-based-cooler-vs-thermoelectric-cooling-peltier https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_coo...

Duh!

How is Stroller's "opinion" any different from other posters here. Answer, science. He is using science.

Take a bicycle pump, extend it, and block the outlet orifice with your finger. Push the pump handle in and feel the warmth on your finger where it covers the outlet orifice as the air is compressed. That's kinetic energy being converted to heat. No let go of the pump handle. It is forced outwards b...

Tom Booth wrote:Well, I'm undecided, personally. Just because something can be faked doesn't necessarily mean that it is in all cases.

As James Randi said, of course, but, the explanation of how to fake it is probably more likely than the explanation that it works by magic.

That pump is not an orifice.

. https://seftonmotors.com/products/volo-one-engine That is legitimate. 1.4 watts at less than 12 volts will have difficulty charging a cellular phone. Won't reliably charge a car battery. See also: https://www.modelenginemaker.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=f14ca83123a78849c93d21730cd1e632&

Why would anyone pay for something that doesn't work?

No. Indoctrinated does not equal educated. Education teaches to be skeptical, inquisitive, and comprehensive. Only the well educated would realize that.

I agree with calling the Essex a beta. I was pointing out the similarity of the gamma beta debate ah, to the square rectangle classification. All squares are rectangles, but not all rectangles are squares. All betas are gammas, but some gammas have the displacer cylinders further apart than others. ...

Skepticism born from fraudulent practices, isn't ignorance. Belief/disbelief isn't part of science. A scientific experiment doesn't care what the experimenter believes. Beliefs cloud judgement. Beliefs can obfuscate scientific papers. Humans are fallible. They fall into the trap of beliefs, and even...